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What is Parkinson’s Disease?

Parkinson’s disease is a progressive neurological disorder that primarily impacts movement. It occurs when nerve cells in a part of the brain called the substantia nigra become damaged or die, leading to a reduction in dopamine, a neurotransmitter crucial for movement regulation and coordination.

Common Symptoms

Symptoms of Parkinson’s disease often develop gradually and can include:

  • Tremors, especially in the hands
  • Slowness of movement (bradykinesia)
  • Muscle stiffness or rigidity
  • Balance and coordination issues
  • Reduced facial expression or monotone speech

Causes

The exact cause of Parkinson’s remains unknown, but both genetic and environmental factors are believed to contribute. The decline in dopamine impacts movement control and is responsible for many of the symptoms.

Stages of Parkinson’s Disease

Parkinson’s disease progresses in stages, beginning with mild symptoms and potentially advancing to more severe impairments. Early symptoms may not interfere with daily life, but as the disease progresses, it can lead to significant disability.

Treatment

Currently, there is no cure for Parkinson’s disease. However, various treatments can help manage symptoms. Medications are commonly used to control symptoms by boosting or mimicking dopamine levels. In more advanced cases, surgery such as deep brain stimulation may be considered. While Parkinson’s itself is not fatal, complications can become serious.

The first step to living well with Parkinson’s is understanding the disease and its progression. Dopaminergic medications are essential, as motor symptoms typically appear only after 60% to 80% of substantia nigra neurons are lost.

Lifestyle Approaches for Managing Parkinson’s

Beyond medication, several lifestyle strategies can help improve quality of life for people with Parkinson’s, including:

  • Regular physical activity to preserve physical function
  • Sufficient sleep and hydration
  • A balanced diet to support overall health

Living with Parkinson’s Disease

Many individuals respond well to treatment and experience mild to moderate disability. However, for some, symptoms can worsen, making everyday tasks challenging without assistance. A smaller group may develop severe disability and become more vulnerable to life-threatening infections.

Due to advances in treatment, most people with Parkinson’s now have a normal or near-normal life expectancy.

Getting Help with Parkinson’s Disease

Parkinson’s UK is the leading charity for support and research related to Parkinson’s. They offer resources, information, and support services for people affected by the disease.

You can contact Parkinson’s UK via:

  • Free helpline: 0808 800 0303 (Monday to Friday, 9 am to 6 pm, and Saturday, 10 am to 2 pm)
  • Email: hello@parkinsons.org.uk
 
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